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3 . 2023

Stenting of the vertebral artery ostium in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency

Abstract

Analyzed herein are therapeutic outcomes in a total of 42 patients diagnosed as having vertebrobasilar insufficiency and vertebral artery ostial stenosis treated by means of deployment of drug-eluting stents, with the immediate and remote results of stenting of the vertebral artery ostium assessed.

Funding. The study had no financial support.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Authors’ contribution. Study conception and design – Karimov Sh.I.; data collection and handling – Dzhalilov A.A., Akhmatov O.M.; draft manuscript preparation – Yulbarisov A.A.; manuscript revision – Alidzhanov Kh.K., Irnazarov A.A.

For citation: Karimov Sh.I., Irnazarov A.A. Yulbarisov A.A., Alidzhanov Kh.K., Akhmatov O.M., Dzhalilov A.A. Stenting of the vertebral artery ostium in patients with vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Angiology and Vascular Surgery. Journal named after Academician A.V. Pokrovsky. 2023; 29 (3): 85–90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/1027-6661-2023-29-3-85-90 (in Russian)

Keywords: vertebrobasilar insufficiency; stenting of vertebral arteries; in-stent restenosis; endovascular treatment

References

1. Moulin T., Tatu L., Vuillier F., et al. Role of a stroke data bank in evaluating cerebral infarction subtypes: patterns and outcome of 1,776 consecutive patients from the Besancon stroke registry. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2000; 10 (4): 261−271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000016068

2. Wityk R., Chang H., Rosengart A., et al. Proximal extracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Archives of Neurology. 1998; 55 (4): 470−478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.55.4.470

3. Vemmos K., Takis C., Georgilis K., et al. The Athens stroke registry: results of a five-year hospital-based study. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2000; 10 (2): 133−141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000016042

4. Berguer R., Flynn L., Kline R., Caplan L. Surgical reconstruction of the extracranial vertebral artery: management and outcome. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2000; 31 (1Pt 1): 9–18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(00)70063-2

5. Imparato A. Vertebral arterial reconstruction: a nineteen-year experience. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 1985; 2 (4): 626–634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(85)90025-4

6. Antoniou G., Murray D., Georgiadis G., et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in patients with proximal vertebral artery stenosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2012; 55 (4): 1167−1177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.084

7. Kocak B., Korkmazer B., Islak C., et al. Endovascular treatment of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. World Journal of Radiology. 2012; 4 (9): 391−400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v4.i9.391

8. Vachev A.N., Dmitriev O.V., Stepanov M.Yu., etc. Stenting of the vertebral artery in patients with multiple lesions of the precerebral arteries. Diagnostic and interventional cardiology. 2016; 10 (4): 35–43. (in Russian)

9. Stayman A., Nogueira R., Gupta R. A systematic review of stenting and angioplasty of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Stroke. 2011; 42 (8): 2212−2216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.611459

10. Yavelov I.S. Results of the use of drug-releasing stents and metal stents without drug coating: a combined network meta-analysis. Consil. Med. 2008; 5: 116−127. (in Russian)

11. Chen X., Huang Q., Hong B., et al. Drug-eluting stent for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral origin stenosis: Long-term results. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2011; 18 (1): 47−51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.05.023

12. Lin Y., Hung C., Tseng W., et al. Safety and feasibility of drug-eluting stent implantation at vertebral artery origin: the first case series in Asians. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2008; 107 (3): 253−258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-6646(08)60144-8

13. Ogilvy C., Yang X., Natarajan S., et al. Restenosis rates following vertebral artery origin stenting: does stent type make a difference? Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2010; 22 (3): 119−124.

14. Park M., Fiorella D., Stiefel M., et al. Vertebral artery origin stents revisited: improved results with paclitaxel-eluting stents. Neurosurgery. 2010; 67 (1): 41−48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000370010.09419.23

15. Werner M., Braunlich S., Ulrich M., et al. Drug-eluting stents for the treatment of vertebral artery origin stenosis. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2010; 17 (2): 232−240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1583/09-2904.1

16. Wilson J.M., Ferguson J.J. Platelet endothelial interactions in atherothrombotic disease: therapeutic implications. Clinical Cardiology. 1999; 22 (11): 687–698. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960221103

17. Vereshchagin N.V. Pathology of the vertebrobasilar system and disorders of cerebral circulation. M.: Medicine. 1980; 311 p. (in Russian)

18. Zeynalov R.V., Kovalchuk I.A., Gromov D.G., et al. Biodegradable coated stents: the state of the issue and prospects. International Journal of Interventional Cardiology. 2011; 25: 42−46. (in Russian)

19. Lin Y., Liu Y., Tseng W., et al. The impact of lesion length on angiographic restenosis after vertebral artery origin stenting. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2006; 32 (4): 379−385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.02.016

20. Song L., Li J., Gu Y., et al. Drug-eluting vs. bare metal stents for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2012; 19 (2): 231−238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1583/11-3718.1

21. Taylor R., Siddiq F., Suri M., et al. Risk factors for in-stent restenosis after vertebral ostium stenting. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2008; 15 (2): 203−212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1583/07-2175.1

22. Zhou Z., Yin Q., Xu G., et al. Influence of vessel size and tortuosity on in-stent restenosis after stent implantation in the vertebral artery ostium. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 2011; 34 (3): 481−487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-010-9953-4

23. Albuquerque F., Fiorella D., Han P., et al. A reappraisal of angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of vertebral origin stenosis. Neurosurgery. 2003; 53 (3): 607−614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000079494.87390.28

24. Raghuram K., Seynnaeve C., Rai A. Endovascular treatment of extracranial atherosclerotic disease involving the vertebral artery origins: a comparison of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2012; 4 (3): 206−210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010051

25. Kim S., Baik M., Yoo S., et al. Stent fracture and restenosis after placement of a drug-eluting device in the vertebral artery origin and treatment with the stent-in-stent technique. Report of two cases. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2007; 106 (5): 907−911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.907

Рестенозы и реокклюзии ПА часто остаются клинически асимптомными, на что указывают большинство исследователей [6, 9]. Подтверждено это и в нашем исследовании: только у 3 (33%) из 9 пациентов с рестенозом отмечали рецидив симптомов ВБН. Этот факт можно объяснить тем, что гладкая гиперплазированная неоинтима не обладает эмбологенной активностью атеросклеротической бляшки, а также, возможно, развитием достаточного коллатерального кровообращения при постепенно прогрессирующем сужении просвета сосуда [24]. Еще одним осложнением в отдаленный послеоперационный период является повреждение целостности стента [11, 15, 25]. Степень повреждения стента была различной в зависимости от его дизайна. Вероятность повреждения стента с открытой ячейкой вероятно выше, чем с закрытой ячейкой. В нашем исследовании повреждения стента не наблюдалось. Гистологические свойства устья ПА и гипермобильность в этом артериальном сегменте также могут оказывать существенное влияние как на повреждение целостности стента, так и на его радиальную устойчивость [15].

Таким образом, использование стентов с лекарственным покрытием в лечении стеноза проксимального сегмента ПА является достаточно безопасной процедурой с хорошим клиническим эффектом. Однако установка стентов с антипролиферативным покрытием не дает полной гарантии отсутствия рестеноза или окклюзии оперированного сосуда в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде. Для снижения частоты развития нарушений проходимости стентов и понимания истинной частоты их развития требуются дальнейший поиск и совершенствование техник и материалов, а также длительный срок динамического наблюдения за достаточно большим числом оперированных пациентов.

Заключение

С клинической точки зрения операция стентирования устья ПА при атеросклеротических стенозах является безопасной процедурой и у большинства больных с ВБН в раннем периоде сопровождается регрессом неврологического дефицита.

Исследование причин и профилактика развития рестенозов в отдаленном периоде остаются приоритетной и нерешенной задачей эндоваскулярного лечения устьевых стенозов ПА.

Литература

1. Moulin T., Tatu L., Vuillier F., et al. Role of a stroke data bank in evaluating cerebral infarction subtypes: patterns and outcome of 1,776 consecutive patients from the Besancon stroke registry. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2000; 10 (4): 261−271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000016068

2. Wityk R., Chang H., Rosengart A., et al. Proximal extracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. Archives of Neurology. 1998; 55 (4): 470−478. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.55.4.470

3. Vemmos K., Takis C., Georgilis K., et al. The Athens stroke registry: results of a five-year hospital-based study. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 2000; 10 (2): 133−141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000016042

4. Berguer R., Flynn L., Kline R., Caplan L. Surgical reconstruction of the extracranial vertebral artery: management and outcome. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2000; 31 (1Pt 1): 9-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(00)70063-2

5. Imparato A. Vertebral arterial reconstruction: a nineteen-year experience. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 1985; 2 (4): 626-634. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(85)90025-4

6. Antoniou G., Murray D., Georgiadis G., et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting in patients with proximal vertebral artery stenosis. Journal of Vascular Surgery. 2012; 55 (4): 1167−1177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2011.09.084

7. Kocak B., Korkmazer B., Islak C., et al. Endovascular treatment of extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. World Journal of Radiology. 2012; 4 (9): 391−400. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v4.i9.391

8. Вачёв А.Н., Дмитриев О.В., Степанов М.Ю. и др. Стентирование позвоночной артерии у больных с множественными поражениями прецеребральных артерий. Диагностическая и интервенционная кардиология. 2016; 10 (4): 35-43.

9. Stayman A., Nogueira R., Gupta R. A systematic review of stenting and angioplasty of symptomatic extracranial vertebral artery stenosis. Stroke. 2011; 42 (8): 2212−2216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.611459

10. Явелов И.С. Результаты применения стентов, выделяющих лекарства, и металлических стентов без лекарственного покрытия: объединенный сетевой метаанализ. Consil. Med. 2008; 5: 116−127.

11. Chen X., Huang Q., Hong B., et al. Drug-eluting stent for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral origin stenosis: Long-term results. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience. 2011; 18 (1): 47−51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.05.023

12. Lin Y., Hung C., Tseng W., et al. Safety and feasibility of drug-eluting stent implantation at vertebral artery origin: the first case series in Asians. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2008; 107 (3): 253−258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0929-6646(08)60144-8

13. Ogilvy C., Yang X., Natarajan S., et al. Restenosis rates following vertebral artery origin stenting: does stent type make a difference? Journal of Invasive Cardiology. 2010; 22 (3): 119−124.

14. Park M., Fiorella D., Stiefel M., et al. Vertebral artery origin stents revisited: improved results with paclitaxel-eluting stents. Neurosurgery. 2010; 67 (1): 41−48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000370010.09419.23

15. Werner M., Braunlich S., Ulrich M., et al. Drug-eluting stents for the treatment of vertebral artery origin stenosis. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2010; 17 (2): 232−240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1583/09-2904.1

16. Wilson J.M., Ferguson J.J. Platelet endothelial interactions in atherothrombotic disease: therapeutic implications. Clinical Cardiology. 1999; 22 (11): 687-698. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960221103

17. Верещагин Н.В. Патология вертебро-базилярной системы и нарушения мозгового кровообращения. М.: Медицина. 1980; 311 с.

18. Зейналов Р.В., Ковальчук И.А., Громов Д.Г. и др. Стенты с биодеградируемым покрытием: состояние вопроса и перспективы. Международный журнал интервенционной кардиологии. 2011; 25: 42−46.

19. Lin Y., Liu Y., Tseng W., et al. The impact of lesion length on angiographic restenosis after vertebral artery origin stenting. European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery. 2006; 32 (4): 379−385. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.02.016

20. Song L., Li J., Gu Y., et al. Drug-eluting vs. bare metal stents for symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2012; 19 (2): 231−238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1583/11-3718.1

21. Taylor R., Siddiq F., Suri M., et al. Risk factors for in-stent restenosis after vertebral ostium stenting. Journal of Endovascular Therapy. 2008; 15 (2): 203−212. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1583/07-2175.1

22. Zhou Z., Yin Q., Xu G., et al. Influence of vessel size and tortuosity on in-stent restenosis after stent implantation in the vertebral artery ostium. CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology. 2011; 34 (3): 481−487. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-010-9953-4

23. Albuquerque F., Fiorella D., Han P., et al. A reappraisal of angioplasty and stenting for the treatment of vertebral origin stenosis. Neurosurgery. 2003; 53 (3): 607−614. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000079494.87390.28

24. Raghuram K., Seynnaeve C., Rai A. Endovascular treatment of extracranial atherosclerotic disease involving the vertebral artery origins: a comparison of drug-eluting and bare-metal stents. Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery. 2012; 4 (3): 206−210. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010051

25. Kim S., Baik M., Yoo S., et al. Stent fracture and restenosis after placement of a drug-eluting device in the vertebral artery origin and treatment with the stent-in-stent technique. Report of two cases. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2007; 106 (5): 907−911. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.5.907

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CHIEF EDITOR
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, President of the Russian Society of Angiologists and Vascular Surgeons

 

In accordance with the decision of the Presidium of the Russian Society of Angiologists and Vascular Surgeons, the journal "Angiology and Vascular Surgery" will be named after Academician A.V. Pokrovsky starting from No. 2/2022.


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